SuffixD Rules - 2025
There are several hundreds of derivational suffix rules. Lexical Tools collect and validate the most common ones that have high precision (low exceptions), frequency (occurrence) and compile redundant rules from child-parent relationship as follows:
Rules | Precision | Instances | Occurrences | Exceptions | Status | Source | Relation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | $|adj|ally$|adv
| 98.95% | 2087 | 2065 | 22 | 2015 | ORG_FACT | PARENT |
2 | $|adj|ism$|noun
| 90.72% | 388 | 352 | 36 | 2016 | NOM_D | SELF |
3 | $|adj|ity$|noun
| 97.86% | 2099 | 2054 | 45 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | PARENT |
4 | $|adj|ly$|adv
| 99.91% | 6868 | 6862 | 6 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
5 | $|adj|ness$|noun
| 100.00% | 3096 | 3096 | 0 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
6 | $|adj|oid$|adj
| 43.90% | 41 | 18 | 23 | 2020 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
7 | $|adj|s$|noun
| 94.34% | 636 | 600 | 36 | 2020 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
8 | $|adj|y$|noun
| 45.86% | 133 | 61 | 72 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
9 | $|noun|able$|adj
| 3.56% | 449 | 16 | 433 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
10 | $|noun|age$|noun
| 47.30% | 148 | 70 | 78 | 2016 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
11 | $|noun|al$|adj
| 72.92% | 1385 | 1010 | 375 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | PARENT |
12 | $|noun|an$|adj
| 47.11% | 121 | 57 | 64 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
13 | $|noun|ary$|adj
| 84.56% | 149 | 126 | 23 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
14 | $|noun|cide$|noun
| 86.67% | 15 | 13 | 2 | 2021 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
15 | $|noun|ed$|adj
| 74.59% | 614 | 458 | 156 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
16 | $|noun|er$|noun
| 60.89% | 1345 | 819 | 526 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
17 | $|noun|free$|adj
| 95.83% | 24 | 23 | 1 | 2024 | EXPERT | SELF |
18 | $|noun|ful$|adj
| 89.44% | 142 | 127 | 15 | 2013 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
19 | $|noun|fully$|adv
| 0.00% | 98 | 0 | 98 | 2017 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
20 | $|noun|ial$|adj
| 48.60% | 179 | 87 | 92 | 2020 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
21 | $|noun|ian$|adj
| 69.11% | 246 | 170 | 76 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
22 | $|noun|ic$|adj
| 78.99% | 1785 | 1410 | 375 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
23 | $|noun|ical$|adj
| 21.84% | 174 | 38 | 136 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
24 | $|noun|ise$|verb
| 65.94% | 414 | 273 | 141 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
25 | $|noun|ish$|adj
| 64.08% | 103 | 66 | 37 | 2017 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
26 | $|noun|ism$|noun
| 95.75% | 494 | 473 | 21 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
27 | $|noun|ist$|noun
| 67.01% | 388 | 260 | 128 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
28 | $|noun|ize$|verb
| 68.01% | 472 | 321 | 151 | 2015 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
29 | $|noun|less$|adj
| 99.66% | 597 | 595 | 2 | 2013 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
30 | $|noun|ly$|adj
| 77.48% | 151 | 117 | 34 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
31 | $|noun|oid$|noun
| 49.48% | 97 | 48 | 49 | 2020 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
32 | $|noun|ous$|adj
| 48.37% | 368 | 178 | 190 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
33 | $|noun|ship$|noun
| 86.73% | 196 | 170 | 26 | 2016 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
34 | $|noun|tous$|adj
| 97.85% | 186 | 182 | 4 | 2017 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
35 | $|noun|ty$|adj
| 53.19% | 47 | 25 | 22 | 2017 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
36 | $|noun|y$|adj
| 53.86% | 791 | 426 | 365 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
37 | $|noun|y$|noun
| 50.78% | 703 | 357 | 346 | 2017 | ORG_FACT | PARENT |
38 | $|verb|able$|adj
| 96.92% | 616 | 597 | 19 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
39 | $|verb|ably$|adv
| 0.00% | 62 | 0 | 62 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
40 | $|verb|age$|noun
| 75.47% | 106 | 80 | 26 | 2020 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
41 | $|verb|ance$|noun
| 91.95% | 87 | 80 | 7 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
42 | $|verb|ant$|adj
| 54.05% | 74 | 40 | 34 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
43 | $|verb|ant$|noun
| 73.40% | 94 | 69 | 25 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
44 | $|verb|ation$|noun
| 89.30% | 355 | 317 | 38 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
45 | $|verb|ed$|adj
| 77.64% | 483 | 375 | 108 | 2021 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
46 | $|verb|er$|noun
| 95.49% | 1309 | 1250 | 59 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
47 | $|verb|ing$|noun
| 94.54% | 1080 | 1021 | 59 | 2013 | NOM_D | SELF |
48 | $|verb|ion$|noun
| 92.98% | 584 | 543 | 41 | 2013 | NOM_D | PARENT |
49 | $|verb|ive$|adj
| 59.44% | 249 | 148 | 101 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
50 | $|verb|less$|adj
| 2.61% | 422 | 11 | 411 | 2013 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
51 | $|verb|ment$|noun
| 97.23% | 650 | 632 | 18 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
52 | $|verb|or$|noun
| 83.13% | 243 | 202 | 41 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
53 | $|verb|per$|noun
| 73.91% | 69 | 51 | 18 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
54 | $|verb|ter$|noun
| 57.47% | 87 | 50 | 37 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
55 | a$|noun|al$|adj
| 85.77% | 478 | 410 | 68 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
56 | a$|noun|an$|adj
| 86.54% | 312 | 270 | 42 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | PARENT |
57 | a$|noun|an$|noun
| 10.26% | 312 | 32 | 280 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | PARENT |
58 | a$|noun|ar$|adj
| 87.14% | 140 | 122 | 18 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | PARENT |
59 | a$|noun|iasis$|noun
| 76.19% | 21 | 16 | 5 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
60 | ability$|noun|able$|adj
| 99.16% | 1314 | 1303 | 11 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
61 | ability$|noun|eable$|adj
| 97.96% | 49 | 48 | 1 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
62 | ability$|noun|ible$|adj
| 100.00% | 61 | 61 | 0 | 2020 | NOM_D | SELF |
63 | able$|adj|ate$|verb
| 85.41% | 185 | 158 | 27 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
64 | able$|adj|e$|verb
| 97.16% | 493 | 479 | 14 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
65 | able$|adj|eability$|noun
| 97.67% | 43 | 42 | 1 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
66 | acy$|noun|ate$|adj
| 97.83% | 46 | 45 | 1 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
67 | age$|noun|e$|verb
| 50.00% | 34 | 17 | 17 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
68 | al$|adj|e$|noun
| 59.51% | 610 | 363 | 247 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
69 | al$|adj|ine$|noun
| 33.33% | 54 | 18 | 36 | 2016 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
70 | al$|adj|s$|noun
| 8.68% | 265 | 23 | 242 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
71 | al$|adj|um$|noun
| 91.75% | 485 | 445 | 40 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
72 | al$|adj|us$|noun
| 83.70% | 276 | 231 | 45 | 2015 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
73 | al$|noun|e$|verb
| 71.96% | 107 | 77 | 30 | 2020 | NOM_D | SELF |
74 | ance$|noun|ant$|adj
| 97.98% | 347 | 340 | 7 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
75 | ance$|noun|e$|verb
| 81.58% | 38 | 31 | 7 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
76 | ant$|adj|ate$|verb
| 62.14% | 140 | 87 | 53 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
77 | ant$|adj|ation$|noun
| 18.54% | 205 | 38 | 167 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
78 | ant$|noun|ate$|verb
| 38.46% | 156 | 60 | 96 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
79 | ant$|noun|e$|verb
| 84.44% | 45 | 38 | 7 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
80 | ar$|adj|ate$|verb
| 6.15% | 65 | 4 | 61 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
81 | ar$|adj|e$|noun
| 61.62% | 198 | 122 | 76 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
82 | ar$|adj|us$|noun
| 38.68% | 106 | 41 | 65 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
83 | asia$|noun|astic$|adj
| 88.00% | 50 | 44 | 6 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
84 | asm$|noun|astic$|adj
| 35.14% | 37 | 13 | 24 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
85 | ate$|verb|ation$|noun
| 99.26% | 2155 | 2139 | 16 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
86 | ate$|verb|ative$|noun
| 3.23% | 31 | 1 | 30 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
87 | ation$|noun|e$|verb
| 98.99% | 2574 | 2548 | 26 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | PARENT |
88 | ation$|noun|ed$|adj
| 93.33% | 480 | 448 | 32 | 2016 | NOM_D | SELF |
89 | c$|adj|s$|noun
| 87.71% | 301 | 264 | 37 | 2015 | ORG_FACT | PARENT |
90 | c$|adj|sm$|noun
| 22.28% | 534 | 119 | 415 | 2021 | NOM_D | PARENT |
91 | ce$|noun|t$|adj
| 95.86% | 918 | 880 | 38 | 2015 | NOM_D | PARENT |
92 | ctic$|adj|xis$|noun
| 66.67% | 42 | 28 | 14 | 2021 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
93 | cy$|noun|t$|adj
| 96.81% | 439 | 425 | 14 | 2015 | NOM_D | PARENT |
94 | d$|verb|sion$|noun
| 91.11% | 45 | 41 | 4 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
95 | de$|verb|sion$|noun
| 98.41% | 63 | 62 | 1 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
96 | e$|adj|ion$|noun
| 55.53% | 371 | 206 | 165 | 2016 | NOM_D | SELF |
97 | e$|adj|ity$|noun
| 97.37% | 911 | 887 | 24 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
98 | e$|noun|ed$|adj
| 49.17% | 423 | 208 | 215 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
99 | e$|noun|ery$|noun
| 73.81% | 42 | 31 | 11 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
100 | e$|noun|ic$|adj
| 91.15% | 1322 | 1205 | 117 | 2016 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
101 | e$|noun|ous$|adj
| 57.65% | 196 | 113 | 83 | 2021 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
102 | e$|noun|y$|adj
| 76.50% | 183 | 140 | 43 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
103 | e$|noun|y$|noun
| 57.08% | 720 | 411 | 309 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
104 | e$|verb|er$|noun
| 96.83% | 1040 | 1007 | 33 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
105 | e$|verb|ing$|noun
| 94.93% | 454 | 431 | 23 | 2015 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
106 | e$|verb|ion$|noun
| 98.29% | 2398 | 2357 | 41 | 2015 | NOM_D | PARENT |
107 | e$|verb|is$|noun
| 93.24% | 148 | 138 | 10 | 2016 | NOM_D | PARENT |
108 | e$|verb|ition$|noun
| 89.80% | 49 | 44 | 5 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
109 | e$|verb|ive$|adj
| 69.59% | 434 | 302 | 132 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
110 | e$|verb|or$|noun
| 78.95% | 494 | 390 | 104 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
111 | e$|verb|ory$|adj
| 58.27% | 254 | 148 | 106 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
112 | e$|verb|tion$|noun
| 89.80% | 98 | 88 | 10 | 2017 | NOM_D | SELF |
113 | ed$|adj|ion$|noun
| 97.63% | 758 | 740 | 18 | 2013 | NOM_D | SELF |
114 | ed$|adj|ment$|noun
| 58.65% | 104 | 61 | 43 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
115 | ence$|noun|ent$|adj
| 96.60% | 559 | 540 | 19 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
116 | ence$|noun|ential$|adj
| 100.00% | 45 | 45 | 0 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
117 | ency$|noun|ent$|adj
| 96.51% | 315 | 304 | 11 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
118 | ency$|noun|ent$|noun
| 49.28% | 69 | 34 | 35 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
119 | er$|noun|ing$|noun
| 43.52% | 1050 | 457 | 593 | 2021 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
120 | er$|noun|ress$|noun
| 45.00% | 20 | 9 | 11 | 2017 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
121 | er$|noun|y$|noun
| 35.35% | 198 | 70 | 128 | 2021 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
122 | er$|verb|ration$|noun
| 93.88% | 49 | 46 | 3 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
123 | es$|noun|ic$|adj
| 75.86% | 29 | 22 | 7 | 2015 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
124 | es$|noun|ic$|noun
| 0.00% | 21 | 0 | 21 | 2015 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
125 | esis$|noun|etic$|adj
| 98.26% | 345 | 339 | 6 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
126 | esis$|noun|ic$|adj
| 92.41% | 224 | 207 | 17 | 2016 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
127 | ge$|verb|gence$|noun
| 85.00% | 20 | 17 | 3 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
128 | gram$|noun|graph$|noun
| 86.01% | 143 | 123 | 20 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
129 | gram$|noun|graphic$|adj
| 2.58% | 233 | 6 | 227 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
130 | gram$|noun|graphy$|noun
| 2.42% | 372 | 9 | 363 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
131 | graph$|noun|graphy$|noun
| 95.19% | 208 | 198 | 10 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
132 | ia$|noun|iac$|noun
| 93.62% | 47 | 44 | 3 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
133 | ia$|noun|ian$|adj
| 84.82% | 191 | 162 | 29 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
134 | ia$|noun|ian$|noun
| 11.69% | 154 | 18 | 136 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
135 | ia$|noun|ic$|adj
| 96.58% | 1110 | 1072 | 38 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
136 | ial$|adj|y$|noun
| 87.50% | 80 | 70 | 10 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
137 | iance$|noun|iant$|adj
| 97.14% | 35 | 34 | 1 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
138 | ic$|adj|ically$|adv
| 99.90% | 1962 | 1960 | 2 | 2013 | ORG_FACT | CHILD |
139 | ic$|adj|icity$|noun
| 99.37% | 949 | 943 | 6 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
140 | ic$|adj|is$|noun
| 91.29% | 287 | 262 | 25 | 2013 | ORG_FACT | CHILD |
141 | ic$|adj|ism$|noun
| 22.33% | 533 | 119 | 414 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
142 | ic$|adj|y$|noun
| 94.36% | 2076 | 1959 | 117 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
143 | ic$|noun|ical$|adj
| 36.05% | 147 | 53 | 94 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
144 | ical$|adj|y$|noun
| 97.70% | 825 | 806 | 19 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
145 | ication$|noun|y$|verb
| 97.05% | 305 | 296 | 9 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
146 | iency$|noun|ient$|adj
| 100.00% | 56 | 56 | 0 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
147 | ier$|noun|y$|verb
| 87.50% | 80 | 70 | 10 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
148 | ility$|noun|le$|adj
| 99.16% | 1658 | 1644 | 14 | 2015 | NOM_D | PARENT |
149 | ily$|adv|y$|adj
| 98.67% | 150 | 148 | 2 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
150 | iness$|noun|y$|adj
| 89.51% | 639 | 572 | 67 | 2013 | NOM_D | SELF |
151 | ion$|noun|ious$|adj
| 89.58% | 48 | 43 | 5 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
152 | ion$|noun|ive$|noun
| 4.28% | 187 | 8 | 179 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
153 | ion$|noun|ory$|adj
| 97.75% | 488 | 477 | 11 | 2020 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
154 | ious$|adj|y$|noun
| 68.89% | 45 | 31 | 14 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
155 | ism$|noun|ist$|noun
| 9.75% | 400 | 39 | 361 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
156 | ism$|noun|istic$|adj
| 93.08% | 260 | 242 | 18 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
157 | ist$|noun|y$|noun
| 90.99% | 555 | 505 | 50 | 2013 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
158 | ity$|noun|ous$|adj
| 87.37% | 95 | 83 | 12 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
159 | ity$|noun|y$|adj
| 67.19% | 64 | 43 | 21 | 2021 | NOM_D | SELF |
160 | ization$|noun|ize$|verb
| 99.92% | 1257 | 1256 | 1 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
161 | ize$|verb|y$|noun
| 65.52% | 203 | 133 | 70 | 2024 | WORDNET | SELF |
162 | le$|adj|ly$|adv
| 100.00% | 348 | 348 | 0 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
163 | le$|noun|ular$|adj
| 90.48% | 105 | 95 | 10 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
164 | meter$|noun|metry$|noun
| 96.82% | 346 | 335 | 11 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
165 | nce$|noun|nt$|adj
| 97.13% | 906 | 880 | 26 | 2015 | DECOMPOSE | CHILD |
166 | on$|noun|ve$|adj
| 88.73% | 1295 | 1149 | 146 | 2016 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
167 | ose$|verb|osis$|noun
| 96.30% | 54 | 52 | 2 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
168 | osis$|noun|otic$|adj
| 99.73% | 369 | 368 | 1 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
169 | osity$|noun|ous$|adj
| 88.57% | 105 | 93 | 12 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
170 | ous$|adj|y$|noun
| 33.99% | 253 | 86 | 167 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
171 | physeal$|adj|physis$|noun
| 88.46% | 26 | 23 | 3 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
172 | sability$|noun|zable$|adj
| 100.00% | 50 | 50 | 0 | 2020 | NOM_D | SELF |
173 | sable$|adj|zability$|noun
| 100.00% | 54 | 54 | 0 | 2020 | NOM_D | SELF |
174 | sation$|noun|ze$|verb
| 99.91% | 1100 | 1099 | 1 | 2015 | NOM_D | SELF |
175 | sation$|noun|zed$|adj
| 100.00% | 146 | 146 | 0 | 2017 | NOM_D | SELF |
176 | se$|verb|sion$|noun
| 89.92% | 129 | 116 | 13 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
177 | se$|verb|zation$|noun
| 100.00% | 1135 | 1135 | 0 | 2015 | NOM_D | SELF |
178 | sed$|adj|zation$|noun
| 100.00% | 137 | 137 | 0 | 2017 | NOM_D | SELF |
179 | sia$|noun|tic$|adj
| 94.17% | 103 | 97 | 6 | 2016 | ORG_FACT | SELF |
180 | sion$|noun|t$|verb
| 82.14% | 56 | 46 | 10 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | SELF |
181 | sis$|noun|tic$|adj
| 99.13% | 1029 | 1020 | 9 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | PARENT |
182 | sis$|noun|ze$|verb
| 96.67% | 60 | 58 | 2 | 2020 | NOM_D | SELF |
183 | sity$|noun|us$|adj
| 87.74% | 106 | 93 | 13 | 2017 | NOM_D | PARENT |
184 | ss$|verb|ssion$|noun
| 94.95% | 99 | 94 | 5 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |
185 | t$|verb|tted$|adj
| 83.33% | 12 | 10 | 2 | 2021 | EXP_SUG | SELF |
186 | ula$|noun|ular$|adj
| 94.37% | 71 | 67 | 4 | 2013 | ORG_RULE | CHILD |