Objective, requirements, Scope and contribution

I. Objective

To systematically generate antonymous terms in the SPECIALIST Lexicon to support NLP applications for enhanced performance.

II. Contribution

No comprehensive manual verified antonym list exists for NLP applications.

III. Requirements & Scope

• must be in the Lexicon
• must be canonical antonyms (good antonyms)
• must have same POS

• Source-1: Affixal negation (negation from derivation), [Lehrer 1985, Ljung 1974]
  • it results from a process of affixation that creates a new form through derivation (and negation thereby).
  • Prefix-D
  • Suffix-D
• Source-2: antonyms in the MEDLINE (co-occurrence)
  • Tag bounded (B), unbounded (UB) and asymmetric-bounded (AB) antonyms (should only apply to adj)
    • Bounded antonyms (X = not Y, Y = not X)
    • Unbounded antonyms (X ≠ not Y, Y ≠ not X)
    • Asymmetric-bounded antonyms (X = not Y, Y ≠ not X, where X is negation)
      Please note that only B and AB can be used for negative antonym substitution.
  • Tag negative antonyms (useful for asymmetric-bounded antonyms)
• Lexical items wise:
  Use antonyms to refer to pair-wise relation of lexical items (antonym-pairs) in the contexts that are understood to be semantically opposite.
  • Include spelling variants of both antonyms
  • Extend to synonyms of both antonyms

• Negation Detection Cue Words
  Generate negation detection cue word list and identify negative patterns (for query expansion):
  • This negation detection cue word list and negative antonyms provide a more comprehensive data set for negation detection. Common patterns are:
    • not|[not + adj]
    • no|[no + noun]
    • without|[without + noun]:
  • Negation detection cue word generation can be generated in the following steps:
    • from the Lexicon for POSs of adv, pron, aux, modals, prep, det, conj
      • adverbs (adv):
        true negative/strict negation (negative): never, no, not,
        broadly negative (broad_negative): hardly, seldom, rarely

      • pronoun (pron):
        type=indef(neg): none, nobody, nothing, no-one, etc.

      • Auxiliaries - negative (aux):
        variant=isn't;pres(thr_sing):negative
variant=aren't;pres(fst_plur,second,thr_plur):negative
variant=don't;pres(fst_sing,fst_plur,second,thr_plur):negative
variant=haven't;pres(fst_sing,fst_plur,second,thr_plur):negative
        …

      • Modals - negative (modal):
        variant=mayn’t;pres:negative
variant=mightn’t;past:negative
variant=mustn’t;pres:negative
variant=couldn’t;past:negative
variant=cannot;pres:negative
variant=can’t;pres:negative

      • Prepositions (prep):
        true negative/strict negation (negative): without
        broadly negative (broad_negative): unlikely (not used as negation cue words)

      • Determiner (det):
        true negative/strict negation (negative): no

      • Conjuntion (conj):
        true negative/strict negation (negative): neither, nor
  • From LexAntonyms:
    • Valid canonical antonyms
    • Negative tag is (N), exclude (BN and O)
    • From above example, negation cue words include: unsuccessful, useless, careless (?), without (prep), etc..
  • No negation detection cue word for POS of complementizer (compl - that)