1960s: The Indian Medical Center in Gallup, NM establishes the first pharmacy residency program in the late 1960s in the Indian Health Service. PHS Hospital or Reference

1961: The U.S. Congress establishes National Poison Prevention Week on September 16, 1961. Reference

1962: "The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment is passed to ensure drug efficacy and greater drug safety. For the first time, drug manufacturers are required to prove to the Food and Drug Administration the effectiveness of their products before marketing them. The new law also exempts animal drugs and animal feed additives shown to induce cancer but which leave no detectable levels of residue in the human food supply from the Delaney proviso." Reference

1962: Pharmacists in the Indian Health Service begin to fill prescriptions using the patient’s health record instead of a prescription form at various locations (Hugo, OKlahoma, Port, Wyoming, etc.). Reference

1963: National Institute of Health Clinical Center Pharmacy Department creates the IV admixture service concept, developed in 1963 to ensure accurate dosages of injectable drugs, which has become a standard of practice. Reference.

1964: Pharmacist Hubert H. Humphrey, Jr. becomes the 38th Vice President of the United States of America, serving under President Lyndon B. Johnson. The national headquarter building of the Department of Health and Human Services in Washington, D.C., is later dedicated to Vice President Humphrey. Reference

1964: The United States Surgeon General's Report on Smoking argues that smoking is a major health risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and emphysema. Reference

1964:The United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare with the American Pharmaceutical Association draft a report outlining “The Role of the Pharmacist in National Disaster.” Reference

1964: Pharmacists in the Indian Health Service begin to counsel patients on the correct use of their medications. Reference 1 or Reference 2

1964: The establishment of Medicare and Medicaid “changed the pharmaceutical landscape significantly.” Many seniors and low-income families are able to receive medical services that may not be avaliable to them previously. Reference: Higby, GL. The continuing evolution of American pharmacy practice, 1952-2002. J of Am Pharm Assoc.2002; 42(1): 12.

1965: (circa): The Commissioned Corps administers a pharmacy entrance examination to Pharmacists applying to the Reserve Corps. Reference

1965: Pharmacists in the Indian Health Service begin to use a private room for their patient’s counseling to ensure patient privacy and increase confidentiality. Reference

1966: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) becomes a part of the United States Public Health Service and a USPHS commissioned officer, James Goddard, M.D., is appointed as the FDA Commissioner. Reference

1967: Allen Brands is appointed as Pharmacy Liaison Officer to the Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service when George Archambault retires. This position is changed to Chief Pharmacy Officer in 1979. He becomes the first pharmacist to hold the position of Chief Pharmacy Officer in 1980. Reference

1968: "The Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) is formulated. This is a program begun by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 1960s after the requirement that all drugs be proven efficacious as well as safe. The DESI program was intended to classify all pre-1962 drugs that were already on the market as either effective, ineffective, or needing further study. The DESI program was a consequence of the Kefauver-Harris Drug Control Act." Reference

1969: The American Pharmaceutical Association’s Code of Ethics is established to prevent the prohibition of sharing drug information with patients. The new Code states that “a pharmacist should hold the health and safety of patients to be the first consideration; he should render to each patient the full measure of his ability as an essential health practitioner.” Reference: Higby, GJ, editor. Pharmacy in the American Century. Apothecary’s Cabinet, No. 1, Fall 2000, p. 5.

1969: Pharmacists within the Indian Health Services have a Pharmacy Program Planning Meeting in Rockville, Maryland. Pharmacists become primary care providers for many of the hospitals and clinics in the Indian Health Service. Rockville Meeting or Reference

1969: Commissioned officers are deployed to help in the recovery from Hurricane Camille. Reference